Explain the transaction management and indexing in PostgreSQL.

Explain the multi-valued dependency and Join-Dependency with the help of an example of each. Explain the 4th Normal Form and 5th Normal Form with the help of an example of each.

Explain the concept of log-based recovery with the help of an example for the deferred database modification scheme. What is a checkpoint? How can it be used in recovery? Explain with the help of an example.

Explain the characteristics of a data warehouse. What are the components of a data warehouse? Explain. Also, explain the multi-dimensional data, star schema and snowflake schema in the context of a data warehouse with the help of an example. How is a data warehouse related to data mining?

How is the SELECT and JOIN operation can be performed in a DBMS? Explain the Index Scan in the context of the SELECT operation. What is the cost of performing the SELECT operation using Index Scan? Also, write and explain the algorithms for performing a join using Nested-loop join and Block-nested loop join methods. Also, illustrate the computation of the cost of the join operations for Nested loop join with the help of an example.

What are Multimedia databases? What are the challenges in designing multi-media databases? Also, explain the requirements of a Geographical Information System and features of Genome databases.

Design a generalization /specialization hierarchy for a University Admission System. The University has many programmes, each programme has a specific duration. Registration into a programme requires students to register for many subjects of that Programme. The eligible students can take fresh admission or can re-register in the courses by paying the requisite fee.

Justify your placement of attributes at each level of the hierarchy. Convert the diagram into tables with integrity constraints for each table.

Briefly explain the architecture of the Oracle Database Management System